An example of a short-term selection history effect is the preview benefit. Selection history effects need not be acquired over repeated exposures, however, and may instead reflect very recent experience. Thus, repeated exposure to the same search array creates an enduring change in attention. Once acquired, it continues to speed up search 1 week after training (Chun & Jiang, 2003). It emerges after several presentations of the same array across blocks. Contextual cueing exemplifies long-term selection history effects. Multiple mechanisms may contribute to contextual cueing, with the repeated context expediting search, facilitating response, or both (Kunar et al., 2007 Schankin et al., 2011 Sisk et al., 2019). Response time on these repeated displays was faster than on unrepeated displays. Unbeknownst to them, some search displays were repeated several times in the course of the experiment. In the standard paradigm (Chun & Jiang, 1998), participants searched for a letter T among an array of letter Ls and reported the orientation of the T. The current study aimed to test one such relationship: the interaction between long-term contextual cueing and short-term preview benefit.Ĭontextual cueing refers to the observation that individuals are faster in finding visual search targets when searching within familiar, repeated contexts. Few studies, however, have examined how selection history effects interact. This view of selection as an integration of multiple sources has led to recent investigation of various selection history effects (Ferrante et al., 2018 Todd & Manaligod, 2018). They collectively determine which locations will be prioritized in processing (Awh et al., 2012). Current goals, physical salience, and selection history constitute major sources of selective attention. For example, when looking for a friend, we may search locations where we have often found our friend in the past, whereas we are unlikely to search improbable locations like the sky. The selection of locations to search depends not only on task goals and perceptual salience, but also on our previous experience with that search environment. When engaging in these tasks, we only actively search a subset of the locations in the search space. Many ordinary activities implicate visual search, such as the act of looking for a friend in a crowded space or searching for a pen on a cluttered desk. These findings demonstrate an important interaction between distinct kinds of selection history effects. This disruption eliminated contextual cueing, suggesting that learning of the previewed context was associative. Another experiment trained participants to associate the previewed context with a target location, then disrupted the association in a testing phase. Though the previewed set never contained the target, repetition of either the previewed or the newly added context yielded contextual cueing, and the effect was greater when the previewed context repeated. We independently manipulated the repetition of the previewed distractors and the newly added distractors. Half of the distractors appeared 800 ms before the addition of the other distractors and the target. Participants searched for a T target among L distractors. Here we explored the interactions between contextual cueing and preview benefit using a modified version of a paradigm from Hodsoll and Humphreys ( Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 31(6), 1346–1358, 2005). Short-term selection history also influences search, where previewing a subset of a search context shortly before the appearance of the target and remaining distractors speeds search. This learned association between a context and a target location requires several blocks of training and has long-term effects. Frequently finding a target in the same location within a familiar context reduces search time, relative to search for objects appearing in novel contexts.
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